NAND Flash chips are organized in Pages (2…16kB+spare) and Blocks (typically 64 pages). A page can be programmed once or up to four times, but on...

The X-500 and X-55 SSDs use an internal DRAM, but only management data is cached in the DRAM, no user data (as done in other SSDs). User data is al...

In many applications, unintentional power loss is critical and can occur frequently. Thus, it is necessary to implement mechanisms that prevent fro...